Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner of Cornell University wrote an article in Scientific American (August, 1974) in which he reported a study on parenting. One of his conclusions came in these words, The demands of a job that claims mealtimes, evenings and weekends as well as days; the trips and moves necessary to get ahead or simply to hold one’s own; the increasing time spent commuting, entertaining, going out, meeting social and community obligations – all these produce a situation in which a child often spends more time with a babysitter than with a participating parent.” He gives one of the outcomes of a study that justifies that conclusion. He wrote, “Compare…the results of a study of middle class fathers who told university interviewers that they were spending an average of 15-20 minutes a day playing with their one year old infants with another study in which the father’s voice was actually recorded by means of a microphone attached to the infant’s shirt. The data indicated that fathers spend relatively little time interacting with their infants. The mean number of interactions per day was 2.7, and the average number of seconds per day was 37.7.” (ibid) But see contrasting data in Michael Ventura’s article, “The Psychology of Money,” Psychology Today, March/April 1995 which states, “fathers spend less than 10 minutes a week in conversation with their children; and that 20 percent of their teenagers haven’t talked to either parent for more than 10 minutes in the last month.”; Kelemen, Lawrance, “To Kindle a Soul”, chapter 4, “Love, Attention and Affection”, p.
121 quoting Mary Pipher’s “Reviving Ophelia,” p.
80 “The average U.S. teenager speaks seven minutes a day with his mother and five minutes a day with his father”; Bureau of Labor Statistics, American Time Use Survey 2003 findings: Adult women in households with children under age 18 spent about 1.7 hours providing childcare as their primary activity. Adult men in such households spent 0.8 hour (about 50 minutes).] A Cornell University Study found fathers average only 38 seconds a day being totally attentive to their children’s needs and 20 minutes a week being partially attentive”