From Claus Westermann, The Psalms: Structure, Content and Message:
‘Bless the Lord, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name! Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits” (Ps.
103:1-2). What sort of call is this? An unknown person, with a world view, environment, and life-style infinitely distant from ours, used these words to raise a call that was primarily self-addressed. But this summons has the remarkable capacity to evoke an echo in those who hear it. nan
We should pause here a moment and marvel at what confronts us. What sort of call is this? It is neither a spiritual heirloom nor a leftover relic bearing witness to the tenacious power of religious rites; for this summons to praise has in fact succeeded in breaking through the limitations and boundaries characteristic of religions. Hence if a modern person hears and understands the call with which Psalm 102 begins, if that person takes it up and repeats it, then something inexplicable happens: this call is miraculously handed on, and, once begun, it can no longer be silenced.///That the call to praise has such an effect cannot be based on anything else but the foundation given in the psalm itself: ‘…and forget not all his benefits.’ ‘Bless (or praise) the Lord…and forget not!’ These two calls both have the same meaning. Why did this unknown person address this call to himself? So that God’s benefits would not be forgotten. The coordination of “Bless” and “forget not” expresses a profound truth: only those who praise do not forget. One may indeed speak about God, and still have forgotten him long ago. One may reflect upon the nature of God, and still have long since forgotten him. Forgetting God and turning away from God always begins when praise has been silenced. The secret of praise is the power it has to make connection with God; through praise one remains with God. This power of praise to make connection with God is what propels the call of Psalm 103 across the centuries and into the presence of those living today (5-6).///. . . . Praise of God affirms joyfully, thankfully, and with a sense of relief the great power who unites and spans the heights and depths of human existence, …who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, who redeems your life from the Pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy.///The Psalms embrace these great contrasts. In never-ending and yet ever-new ways they always circle about one center: human existence in its mighty, terrifying, and glorious rhythm of loss and rescue, cry for help and shout of exultation, capture and release, laughter and weeping. Even more profound and more comprehensive than such contrasts are those of being near to God and far from God. Turning away, revolting, and being indifferent to God can all be restored and healed by the one “who forgives all your iniquity.”///In a mighty image that needs no further explanation, this psalm praises the mystery of the power that integrates the contrasts and disjunctions of human life. This power encompasses such tremendous dimensions that in its presence the most extreme contrasts in human existence become small and insignificant.///(8) ….Praise and lament are the two basic melodies which, like echoes, accompany God’s actions on this long path of history. In the Psalms they are developed into mighty fugues and variations. This polarity of praise and lament is different from the familiar polarity of petition and thanksgiving in our modern prayers. The arc which the pendulum makes as it swings between the poles of lament and praise is much greater than that between petition and thanksgiving.///This is closely connected with another difference in the Psalms singing and praying (which in later times became more and more separated were still united; psalms were sung prayers or prayed singing. As songs, they are at the same time what we call poetry. To be sure, they are poetry in a different sense than our modern poetry, but for all of that they are still formulated, “poetic” expressions of thought. Thus the Psalms till unite in themselves what for us are three separate types of compositions, which in the course of subsequent centuries have split apart. They are prayers (words directed to God in supplication or rejoicing), poetry (poetical expressions of thought), and song (they go beyond the mere speaking or even recital of a poem and become music.).///As a unity of prayer, poetry and song, the psalms belong to a world which is no longer our world, and we will never fully understand or appreciate much of what is in them (10).///Those “who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death” are those whose laments constitute a great part of the Psalter. If God’s looking down from the heights into our depths became reality in Christ, then God’s coming down into our poor flesh and blood also means that God became one who suffered, and that this suffering was expressed in lamentation. The New Testament expresses this clearly by incorporating Psalm 22 in the passion story. The frequent quotations from this psalm in the passion narrative indicate that the primitive church saw a connection at this point. Above all, Mark 15:34, Jesus’s cry from the cross that uses the initial words of Psalm 22, indicates how the primitive church saw this connection. It understood that Christ made the lament of Psalm 22 his own lament. How much Jesus himself must have lived in the Psalms! How much the first Christian community must have lived in the Psalms if it was Psalm 22 in particular which became the psalm of the passion story! In this psalm the depth of the lamenter’s vexation and temptation to despair and the miracle of the reversal of his suffering come to unique expression.///By taking into himself this last trial of being forsaken by God, Christ descended into the depth of human isolation and made our suffering his suffering to his depths. The despairing questions of those who suffer in our world (Why? How long?) are questions which were known by him in whom God’s goodness became human. They are not foreign to him. He took our suffering as part of his suffering to the fullest possible extent.///Psalm 22, however, was taken up into the passion story as a representative of psalms of lament in general. All of them come to their goal in the suffering and death of Jesus Christ. How the lament itself changes because of this was shown in our section concerning the enemies in psalms of lament: complaints about enemies no longer have to lead to petitions directed against these enemies. Into the place formerly occupied by petitions against enemies comes, as the passion indicates, intercession for them. (124-125)///….
3. If, however, Psalm 22 was incorporated into the passion story, then such incorporation must include the entire psalm. For viewed in its totality, Psalm 22 is a lament which has been reversed. Its second part (from v 22 on) is praise by a person who has been delivered, praise which has anticipated the actual deliverance. just as it can be said in the second part of Psalm 22: “For he has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; and he has not hid his face from him, but has heard, when he cried to him…(v.24). So, similarly, the proclamation of the earliest messengers of the resurrection was full of the message that God responded to the cry from the cross. The message of Easter is narrative praise. It is possible that the phrase that appears in Matthew’s Easter account, “go and tell my brethren (Matt.
28:10) is an allusion to the beginning of the second part of Psalm 22, “I will tell of thy name to my brethren.”///Whether or not this is a quotation from Psalm 22 is unimportant. What is essential, however, is the fact that the statement at the center of the resurrection message, “whom God raised…” has the structure of narrative praise, “God has acted!” The examples of the first sermons of the Apostles show how this ultimate deed of God was viewed, as the last in the succession of God’s great deeds, which in the Old Testament had aroused praise from the liberated. In this connection it is possible to see a consistent feature in the individual’s psalms of praise, that those who there praised God understood their deliverance as being snatched from death. Likewise the statements of confidence in Psalms 16, 73 and elsewhere express the conviction “thou dost not give me up to Sheol…” (16:102).///The apostles, as messengers of Christ’s resurrection, stand in the succession of witnesses to the great deeds of God. They are witnesses who, in the Psalms, must give an account before the whole congregation about what God had done for them. Now that the time is fulfilled, the call to praise God, which had its origin in this witness to God’s deeds, is the call to follow Christ. As in the Psalms nations and kings were called to join Israel in praising God, so the call now has transformed itself into the message of Christ’s messengers, who carry the call to come to Christ farther and farther, even to the ends of the earth. (126).